Linguistic Engineering : Language and Politics in Mao's China

當毛澤東和中國共產黨在1949年獲得權力時，他們決心創造新的，革命的人類。他們最精確的意識形態轉變工具是一個龐大的語言工程計劃。他們教給每個人一個新的政治詞彙，給舊詞賦予新的含義，將傳統術語轉化為革命目的，壓製表達“不正確”思想的詞彙，並要求整個人口背誦口號，詞彙短語和提供“正確”語言的腳本形成“糾正”思想。他們認為，不斷的​​重複將導致革命的公式滲透到人們的思想中，產生革命的信仰和價值觀。

在介紹性章節中，Ji博士通過研究語言與思想之間的關係來評估語言工程的潛力。在隨後的章節中，她追溯了中國語言工程的起源，描述了它在共產黨統治初期的發展，然後詳細探討了1966 - 1976年文化大革命期間前所未有的語言操縱。在此過程中，她分析了與土地改革、階級鬥爭、人際關係、大躍進、毛澤東崇拜、紅衛兵激進主義、革命暴力、公共批評會議、模範革命歌劇和外語相關的語言工程形式。她還在文化大革命的早期階段重新解釋了毛澤東的戰略，展示了他如何操縱解經原則和判斷背景來“框架”他所謂的對手。最後評估了語言工程的成敗，並說明了中國共產黨在毛澤東去世後如何放鬆對語言的控制。

When Mao and the Chinese Communist Party won power in 1949, they were determined to create new, revolutionary human beings. Their most precise instrument of ideological transformation was a massive program of linguistic engineering. They taught everyone a new political vocabulary, gave old words new meanings, converted traditional terms to revolutionary purposes, suppressed words that expressed "incorrect" thought, and required the whole population to recite slogans, stock phrases, and scripts that gave "correct" linguistic form to "correct" thought. They assumed that constant repetition would cause the revolutionary formulae to penetrate people's minds, engendering revolutionary beliefs and values.

In an introductory chapter, Dr. Ji assesses the potential of linguistic engineering by examining research on the relationship between language and thought. In subsequent chapters, she traces the origins of linguistic engineering in China, describes its development during the early years of communist rule, then explores in detail the unprecedented manipulation of language during the Cultural Revolution of 1966–1976. Along the way, she analyzes the forms of linguistic engineering associated with land reform, class struggle, personal relationships, the Great Leap Forward, Mao-worship, Red Guard activism, revolutionary violence, Public Criticism Meetings, the model revolutionary operas, and foreign language teaching. She also reinterprets Mao’s strategy during the early stages of the Cultural Revolution, showing how he manipulated exegetical principles and contexts of judgment to "frame" his alleged opponents. The work concludes with an assessment of the successes and failures of linguistic engineering and an account of how the Chinese Communist Party relaxed its control of language after Mao's death.

  Ji Fengyuan (Autor)

Publisher:University of Hawaii Press 

ISBN:    978-0824825362 

原價   US 50   台幣價 NT$1900