Smokestacks in the Hills: Rural-Industrial Workers in West Virginia (Working Class in American History)
長期以來被認為是城市現象，工業化也改變了美國的農村。盧·馬丁（Lou Martin）編織了鋼鐵工廠和陶瓷工廠遷往西弗吉尼亞州漢考克縣的過程，創造了一個農村和小城鎮的工人階級 - 這對社區和勞工意味著什麼。
正如馬丁所表明的那樣，在鋼鐵和陶器城鎮及周邊地區的土地使得居民能夠保持農村的習慣和文化。這些地方的工人重視地方和當地社區。由於他們對地方主義的信仰，“做”的個人主義道德和公司的忠誠，他們經常努力限制工會的影響力。與此同時，這種地方主義使工人能夠適應工業資本主義的要求和自身條件的不斷變化的世界，並在城市化的同齡人中保持農村化的程度。在整個過程中，馬丁把這些主題與這些主題聯繫起來，以說明資本流動的討論，改變工作經歷的方式定義了性別角色，以及現代化力量推翻了溫順的地方文化的持續神話。揭示和尖銳，山中的煙囪重新評估了美國勞工史的一個被忽視的階層，並有助於戰後時代國家政治的變化進行對話。
Long considered an urban phenomenon, industrialization also transformed the American countryside. Lou Martin weaves the narrative of how the relocation of steel and pottery factories to Hancock County, West Virginia, created a rural and small-town working class--and what that meant for communities and for labor. As Martin shows, access to land in and around steel and pottery towns allowed residents to preserve rural habits and culture. Workers in these places valued place and local community. Because of their belief in localism, an individualistic ethic of "making do," and company loyalty, they often worked to place limits on union influence. At the same time, this localism allowed workers to adapt to the dictates of industrial capitalism and a continually changing world on their own terms--and retain rural ways to a degree unknown among their urbanized peers. Throughout, Martin ties these themes to illuminating discussions of capital mobility, the ways in which changing work experiences defined gender roles, and the persistent myth that modernizing forces bulldozed docile local cultures. Revealing and incisive, Smokestacks in the Hills reappraises an overlooked stratum of American labor history and contributes to the ongoing dialogue on shifts in national politics in the postwar era.
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